Why is teenage pregnancy a social issue

These are the figures that worry, and when teenagers engage in sexual relationships, they do not think about the consequences. The consequences for health can be terrible. Therefore, it is necessary to invest much in the prevention of reproductive health. Prevention should not only be directed at preventing sexually transmitted diseases and preventing pregnancy in adolescence because it should be geared towards adopting attitudes about responsible sexual behavior.

This primarily refers to the delay in the beginning of the sexual life of young people because too early accession into sexual relationships can seriously harm the health. Order for reprints. Toggle navigation. ISSN: Author and article information. DOI : J Gynecol Res Obstet 4 1 : DOI: Main article text.

Introduction The global adolescent birth rate has declined from 65 births per women in to 47 births per women in [1]. Prevention of adolescent pregnancy More young people of diverse demographic characteristics are having sexual relations at younger ages; they have more options for preventing pregnancy; they have more alternative pregnancy resolutions; and fewer marry to legitimize a non-marital birth while choosing to become a parent [2].

Contraception Teens in the United States hear mixed messages about sexuality from the people and institutions around them [6]. Health results of teen pregnancy Teenage parenthood is perceived to be both a cause and consequence of social exclusion [9].

Social consequences of adolescent pregnancy Adolescent pregnancy can also have negative social and economic effects on girls, their families and communities. Life ambience and adolescent pregnancy Laws and policies can create an enabling environment for the promotion and protection of health, including sexual health and the prevention of EUP Early and unintended pregnancy , but they also may pose barriers, particularly for young people in terms of accessing education and health services, leading to detrimental consequences for sexual health, including EUP [13].

Conclusion Approximately 16 million girls aged 15 to 19 years and 2. WHO Springer Publishing Company Plenum Publishing Corporation Oxford University Press, New York Cavendish Publishing, London Praeger, Westport, London Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford World Health Organization, Geneva 2.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. Unfortunately, only births and not pregnancies are recorded in Austria [ 61 ]. Therefore, we have no information how many adolescent girls became pregnant because no official abortion statistics exist in Austria. Nevertheless as to be seen in Figure 1 from to the number of girls aging between 15 and 19 years, that is, older adolescents, who gave birth dropped down from 14, to [ 61 ].

A marked decrease of motherhood was also observable for girls younger than 15 years Figure 2. Among this early adolescent group, teenage motherhood dropped down from 66 births in to 15 births in During the same period, the mean age at first birth increased in Austria from This reduction started with when abortions became fully legal.

In order to prevent teenage pregnancies, several governmental and nongovernmental programs were developed. In a first step, special help desks for young girls were introduced. Young girls can contact gynecologists in special consulting hours at private practices and hospitals free of charge to get information regarding contraception, abortion but also medical care during pregnancy.

In general, Austrian girls older than 14 years have access to hormonal contraceptives without parental approval. In case of pregnancy girls older than 14, they may decide for abortion without approval by their parents. These private and governmental activities helped to reduce teenage motherhood markedly. Although teenage motherhood in Austria is not among the lowest in developed countries, the positive effects of mandatory sex education and legal abortions on teenage motherhood rates can be seen.

On the other hand, social programs for young mothers were introduced. Teenage mother receives medical care during pregnancy, birth, and after birth free of charge. Additionally, social and financial support improved the situation for teenage mothers markedly. In detail, young mothers are supported to finish school and professional training.

Consequently, teenage motherhood is not strongly associated with poverty in Austria. Medical and social care during pregnancy improved pregnancy outcome markedly. These positive effects could be shown in the Viennese teenage pregnancy project.

Absolute number of life birth among girls aging below 15 years in Austria between and Absolute number of life birth among girls aging 15—19 years in Austria between and The mean age at first birth between and The Viennese teenage pregnancy project focused on the impact of maternal age on birth outcome among Viennese primiparae women between and Furthermore, the effects of social support on the outcome of a small sample of teenage pregnancies were tested. The results of this project have already been published [ 62 — 65 ].

The first study was based on a data set of 10, singleton term births 39—41st gestational weeks which took place at the largest birth clinic in Austria, the University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Vienna between and Exclusively healthy women originating from Austria or Central Europe with no registered maternal diseases before and during pregnancy who gave birth to a single infant were enrolled in the study.

Immediately after birth, newborn weight, newborn length, head circumference, diameter fronto-occipitalis, and acromial circumference were taken directly from the newborn. In addition to anthropometric features, the 1- and the 5-min APGAR scores [ 67 ] for the evaluation of the newborn were determined.

As obstetric characteristics, the mode of delivery, spontaneous versus cesarean section, and the intrauterine position of the infant at the time of delivery head presentation, breech presentation, and transverse presentation were documented. A more detailed description of data collection and statistical analyses has been published previously [ 62 — 64 ].

The data set of 10, single births was divided according to maternal age at the time of giving birth into five subgroups: Groups 1 and 2 corresponded to the definitions of teenage pregnancies. In detail, group 1 comprised 19 extremely young mothers aging between 12 and 14 years at the time of giving first birth, while group 2 comprised mothers aging between 15 and 19 years at the time of giving first birth.

The majority of these teenage mothers gave birth at the ages of 18 and 19 years see Figure 4. Group 3 contained mothers aged between 20 and 29 years, group 4 comprised women aging between 30 and 39 years, and group 5 comprised women aging 40 years and above.

Consequently, the percentage of teenage mothers was The main focus of this study laid on the 19 extremely young mothers aging between 12 and 14 years.

Furthermore, these early adolescent girls were significantly shorter and lighter than all older age groups, even late adolescent mothers. Even the pelvic dimensions distantia spinarum and distantia christarum of early adolescent mothers were significantly smaller than those of older mothers.

Furthermore, the youngest age group experienced the lowest gestational weight gain. Maternal reproductive and somatic characteristics according to maternal age group Duncan analyses. Absolute number of teenage mothers according to age Kirchengast and Hartmann.

Concerning newborn characteristics, it could be shown that mothers younger than 15 years gave birth to the significantly lightest and shortest newborns see Table 2. Furthermore, these newborns exhibited the smallest head and shoulder dimensions. Concerning the Apgar scores 1 and 5 min after birth, no significant differences between the maternal age groups could be proved. Concerning child presentation and delivery mode, it turned out that extremely young mothers showed the significantly highest rate of breech presentation Furthermore, they gave birth to significantly smaller and lighter newborns.

On the other hand—although breech presentation was quite high—the cesarean section rate—indicating birth complications—was significantly lower than among older mothers, even lower than among late adolescent mothers. Considering in contrast to the incidence of obstetrical risks such as cesarean section or adverse child presentation, such problems are low in comparison to older gravida.

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Sometimes it 's the only way that the woman will be able to live, sometimes it 's unplanned teen pregnancy and they can 't raise or support a child, sometimes it 's not the woman 's fault and they were raped and sexually abused. Half of those women will. Teen Pregnancy in Hopkinsville Hopkinsville has many youth-related issues. Amongst these issues are many health issues that affect teenagers. A major issue in Hopkinsville, as well as all of Christian County, is the alarming amount of teen pregnancies and births.

Teen births are an issue in Hopkinsville that usually occur in women ages thirteen to nineteen. Babies Born Addicted to Illegal Drugs Mothers who use illegal drugs while pregnant increase the risk of the baby being born having health issues. Babies who are born addicted to drugs usually suffer from neonatal abstinence syndrome NAS. Babies that are born to mothers addicted to drugs do not have the choice to be clean.

Students who fall into the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or questioning identity groups report being five times as more likely to miss school because they feel unsafe after being bullied because of their sexual orientation. LGB youth are 4 times more likely, and questioning youth are 3 times more likely, to attempt suicide as their straight peers CDC. It is impossible to know the exact suicide rate of LGBTQ youth because sexuality and gender minorities.

This is when one person forces sexual penetration on another person who cannot consent to the activity. Diminished Capacity rape occurs most when individuals are intoxicated.