How is amino acids made

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Figure Detail. Amino Acid Precursors and Biosynthesis Pathways. Figure 2. What Makes an Amino Acid Essential? Tryptophan Synthesis: Only Created Once.

Lysine Synthesis: Created Multiple Times. Synthesis on the tRNA molecule. How Do Metabolic Pathways Evolve? Two Different Models. Other mechanisms, such as gene fusion, might occur in the process of pathway evolution. When gene fusions occur between the genes for different proteins of the same pathway, a mechanism that facilitates ligand binding is provided because the substrate of one domain is the product of the other; thus, passive diffusion becomes unnecessary.

Fusions can also result in the tight regulation of fused domains. Histidine biosynthesis is a good example of gene fusion; at least seven genes of this pathway underwent fusion events in different phylogenetic lineages. This assertion means that fusions must be relatively recent because they occurred after the lineages arose Fani et al.